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The bacteria that have adapted to persist and thrive in this densely populated ecosystem have evolved efficient strategies to harvest glycans, and it is the competition and synergy among species for their preferred glycans that drive the diet-dependent changes observed in the gut community structure. A notable function of these microbes is the digestion and fermentation of both endogenous (i.e., host derived) and dietary carbohydrates into short chain fatty acids that offer a physiological benefit to the host. The consortium of bacteria that inhabit the mammalian gastrointestinal tract has a profound influence on host development and health.
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Additionally, we consider what is known about how these proteins dynamically interact and cooperate in the membrane and propose a model for the formation of the Sus outer membrane complex. Despite the apparent redundancy in starch-binding sites among these proteins, each has a distinct role during starch catabolism. We emphasize the well-characterized outer membrane proteins SusDEF and the α-amylase SusG, each of which have unique structural features that allow them to interact with starch on the cell surface. thetaiotaomicron that define the Sus-like paradigm of nutrient acquisition that is exclusive to the Gram-negative Bacteroidetes. In this review, we discuss what is known about the eight Sus proteins of B. All mammalian gut Bacteroidetes possess analogous Sus-like systems that target numerous diverse glycans. The Sus includes the requisite proteins for binding and degrading starch at the surface of the cell preceding oligosaccharide transport across the outer membrane for further depolymerization to glucose in the periplasm. The most well-studied PUL-encoded glycan-up-take system is the starch utilization system (Sus) of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The Bacteroidetes, a dominant bacterial phylum in the mammalian gut, encode a plethora of discrete polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) that are selectively activated to facilitate glycan capture at the cell surface. Resident bacteria in the densely populated human intestinal tract must efficiently compete for carbohydrate nutrition.